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Dermatol. pediatr. latinoam. (Impr.) ; 6(3): 121-128, sept.-dic. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-599035

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La incontinencia pigmenti (IP) es una genodermatosis rara, de herencia dominante ligada al cromosoma X. Afecta principalmente a mujeres, si bien se ha descripto en algunos pacientes de sexo masculino. Se caracteriza por comprometer distintos órganos de origen neuroectodérmico como la piel, el sistema nervioso central y los ojos. Las manifestaciones dermatológicas son las más frecuentes. Las lesiones cutáneas evolucionan en cuatro estadios y característicamente se distribuyen a lo largo de las líneas de Blaschko. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con IP diagnosticados en la sección Dermatología Pediátrica de nuestro hospital, haciendo hincapié en los hallazgos en varones. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo, basado en la revisión de las historias clínicas de 23 pacientes con diagnóstico de IP evaluados entre los años 1998 y 20008. Resultados: De los 23 casos, 19 eran mujeres y 4 varones. El 48% presentó lesiones cutáneas congénitas. El 100% tuvo lesiones correspondientes al estadio I, 74% al estadio II, 84% al estadio III y 47% al estadio IV. Casi el 40% presentó recurrencias del estadio inflamatorio. Veinte casos tuvieron confirmación histológica. Las manifestaciones extra-cutáneas fueron: alteraciones dentarias en 3 casos, esqueléticas en 2, neurológicas en 4 y oftalmológicas en 2 pacientes. Tres de los 4 varones tuvieron cariotipo normal, del caso restante no obtuvimos el resultado. Tres de ellos tuvieron enfermedad limitada a piel y 1 compromiso neurológico severo y dentario.


Introduction: Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X linked genodermatosis. Although some male patients have been described, it classically affects female patients. It is characterized for affecting organs of ectodermal origin such as skin, central nervous system and eyes. Cutaneous findings are the most frequent manifestation and lesions appear in four different stages, all distributed along lines of Blaschko. Our objective was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with diagnosis of IP in the Pediatric Dermatology Section of our hospital with especial emphasis on male patients. Materials and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study, based on the review of clinical records of 23 patients with diagnosis of IP evaluated between 1998 and 2008. Results: Of the 23 patients, 19 were females and 4 males. Forty-eight percent showed lesions at birth. All patients developed stage I, 74% stage II, 84% stage II and 47% stage IV lesions. Around 40% of patients showed recurrence of stage I. In 20 cases diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy. Extra cutaneous lesions were: 3 cases of dental anomalies, skeletal anomalies in 2 patients, ophthalmological alterations in 2 cases and neurologic involvement in 4. Three out of 4 boys had a normal karyotype, the result of the last one was not available. Three of these patients had their disease limited to skin while one had severe neurologic symptoms and dental alterations. Discussion: We hereby report findings in 23 patients with IP, highlighting: 1) all patients showed cutaneous manifestations and developed lesions of stage I. This may be explained by the disease high index of suspicious even at early ages and in males; 2) 40% of patients undergone stage I recurrences later in their lives; 3) a small percentage of patients with dental abnormalities was found, probably due to the low age of the population studied; and 4) the diagnosis in 4 males, including one with a severe phenotype.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Incontinentia Pigmenti , Incontinentia Pigmenti/diagnosis , Facial Dermatoses , X Chromosome
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